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Ajouter le résultat dans votre panierThe contribution of successional grasslands to the conservation of semi-natural grasslands species - A landscape perspective / Barbara C. Schmid in Biological conservation, vol. 206 (Février 2017)
Titre : The contribution of successional grasslands to the conservation of semi-natural grasslands species - A landscape perspective Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Barbara C. Schmid, Auteur ; Peter Poschlod, Auteur ; Honor C. Prentice, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp. 112-119 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [habitats/milieux] 3 - Landes, fruticées et prairies
[habitats/milieux] 8 - Terres agricoles et paysages artificiels
[ZG] Europe
[Thèmes] Pédologie (sol)Mots-clés : dynamique du paysage nutrition du sol approche espace-temps habitat Résumé : "Many species that are typical of calcareous, semi-natural grasslands (“typical grassland species”) are declining in Europe as a result of habitat-loss and -fragmentation. Whereas populations of these species are expected to be largest in old semi-natural grasslands, these species may also occur in successional grasslands on previously arable fields. We used a space-for-time approach to analyse changes in the frequencies of typical grassland species, and changes in soil properties, over a 280-year arable-to-grassland succession within a Swedish landscape. Our study revealed that a number of typical grassland species had higher frequencies in mid-successional (50–279 years) than in old (≥ 280 years) grasslands. Mid-successional grasslands also contained many of the typical grassland species that were present in old grasslands, but at lower frequencies, and had soil conditions similar to those of old grasslands. Early-successional (5–14 and 15–49 years) grasslands contained few typical grassland species. In highly fragmented landscapes, mid-successional grasslands provide additional habitat for many typical grassland species, and can function as temporary refugia (“substitute habitat”) for these species until old grasslands are “restored”. The overall population sizes of some typical grassland species and red-listed species are likely to be substantially increased by the presence of mid-successional grasslands within the landscape. Our study suggests that, rather than focussing solely on old grassland fragments, conservation strategies for typical grassland species should adopt a dynamic, landscape-based perspective that recognizes the role of successional grasslands. Ensuring a continuous development of mid-successional grasslands is expected to be beneficial for populations of many typical grassland species." (source : auteurs) Type de publication : périodique Référence biblio : Schmid B., Poschlod P., Prentice H., 2017 - The contribution of successional grasslands to the conservation of semi-natural grasslands species - A landscape perspective. Biological conservation, 206 : 112-119. ID PMB : 65417 DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.002 Permalink : http://www.cbnbrest.fr/catalogue_en_ligne/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65417
in Biological conservation > vol. 206 (Février 2017) . - pp. 112-119[article]Exemplaires(0)
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Titre : Ecological theory provides strong support for habitat restoration Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Péter Török, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp. 85-91 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [habitats/milieux] 3 - Landes, fruticées et prairies Mots-clés : dispersion restauration restauration des prairies hétérogénéité du paysage écologie théorique stratégie de restauration Résumé : "The involvement of ecological theory in habitat restoration has significantly increased in the past decade. However, despite the fact that the field of restoration ecology has grown academically strong in recent years, there are still visible gaps between the advancing discipline of theoretical ecology and current approaches of habitat restoration. We propose bridging these gaps by linking recent developments in theoretical plant ecology with the main questions every restoration practitioner should ask, namely: Q1) How to identify target species and baseline conditions for restoration of the selected habitat?; Q2) When can one count on spontaneous dispersal and when are additional efforts required for facilitating dispersal of desired species?; Q3) Which factors determine the successful establishment of target species and assembly of target communities?; and Q4) What time-scale needs to be considered for the evaluation of species colonisation and restoration success? Knowledge and experience accumulated in practical restoration can considerably benefit theoretical ecology for example by improving the understanding on (i) temporal changes in community, (ii) species assembly, (iii) species dispersal and establishment and (iv) landscape-scale dynamics of biodiversity. We emphasise that to improve joint thinking of practical restoration and theoretical ecology, restoration-problem-driven theoretical research is necessary. We suggest either (i) to translate and link the current findings of theoretical ecology to restoration strategies; and/or (ii) to summarise practical restoration needs by formulation of questions and testable hypotheses based on theory." (source : auteur) Type de publication : périodique Référence biblio : Török P., 2017 - Ecological theory provides strong support for habitat restoration. Biological conservation, 206 : 85-91. ID PMB : 65418 DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.024 Permalink : http://www.cbnbrest.fr/catalogue_en_ligne/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65418
in Biological conservation > vol. 206 (Février 2017) . - pp. 85-91[article]Exemplaires(0)
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Titre : Monitoring ecological consequences of efforts to restore landscape-scale connectivity Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : David Watson (David M.), Auteur ; Veronica Doerr (Veronica A. J.), Auteur ; Don Driscoll (Don A), Auteur ; Rodney van der Ree, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp. 201-209 Langues : Anglais (eng) Mots-clés : fragmentation de l'habitat dispersion restauration génétique de la conservation gestion adaptative outil d'aide à la décision corridor écologique Résumé : "Managing and restoring connectivity that enables wildlife movement through landscapes is the primary approach to reduce harmful effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Improved connectivity is also increasingly invoked as a strategy to mitigate negative impacts of climate change by enabling species to track preferred environments and maintain evolutionary processes. Although initiatives to improve connectivity using restoration are becoming commonplace, we do not know how successful these actions are, nor which mechanisms underlie biotic responses.
Most ecological monitoring focuses on site condition or quality rather than those landscape-scale processes that connectivity is intended to facilitate. To assess biodiversity responses to connectivity initiatives, we argue that new monitoring approaches are needed that distinguish the roles of connectivity restoration from those of habitat augmentation or improvement.
To address this critical gap, we developed a conceptual model of the hypothesised roles of connectivity in complex landscapes and a linked framework to guide design of connectivity monitoring approaches in an adaptive management context. We demonstrate that integrated monitoring approaches using complementary methods are essential to reveal whether long-term landscape-scale goals are being achieved, and to determine whether connectivity management and restoration are the mechanisms responsible.
We summarize a real-world example of applying our approach to assist government develop a monitoring plan for a large-scale connectivity conservation initiative in the Australian Capital Territory. As well as highlighting the utility of the framework to help managers make informed choices about monitoring, this example illustrates the difficulties of convincing funding bodies to include monitoring in project budgets and the questions more likely to be answered with limited funds." (source : auteur)Type de publication : périodique Référence biblio : Watson D., Doerr V., Driscoll D., van der Ree R., 2017 - Monitoring ecological consequences of efforts to restore landscape-scale connectivity. Biological conservation, 206 : 201-209. ID PMB : 65419 DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.12.032 Permalink : http://www.cbnbrest.fr/catalogue_en_ligne/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65419
in Biological conservation > vol. 206 (Février 2017) . - pp. 201-209[article]Exemplaires(0)
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Titre : Resurveying hedgerows in Northern Germany : Plant community shifts over the past 50 years Type de document : texte imprimé Auteurs : Kathrin Litza, Auteur ; Martin Diekmann, Auteur Année de publication : 2017 Article en page(s) : pp. 226-235 Langues : Anglais (eng) Catégories : [ZG] Allemagne Use for events before 1949 and after October 1990.
[habitats/milieux] 84 - Alignements d'arbres, haies, petits bois, bocage, parcsMots-clés : haie acidification valeur indicatrice d'Ellenberg eutrophisation suivi à long terme Résumé : "Resurveying is a powerful approach to investigate responses of plant species communities to a changing environment. We present a resurvey of hedgerows from the “Knick” landscape of eastern Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. The original survey was done by H. E. Weber in 1967 and new data from totally 51 semi-permanent plots was sampled in 2015. Hedgerows are a key near-natural habitat that can harbour a great biodiversity in otherwise agriculturally intensified landscapes.
Our study reveals a distinct shift in the herbaceous species composition of the hedgerows over the past five decades. To understand the reasons for these changes, we compared the mean Ellenberg indicator values (EIVs) and measured pH values, as well as hedge shape parameters of the hedgerows between the recent and the original study. The main driver behind the change in species composition appeared to be the increase in nutrient supply. The hedge shape changed as well, indicating an altered hedgerow management. Interestingly, we found a contradictory relationship between measured pH values and mean EIVs for reaction: while the former showed a decrease over time, the latter suggested an increase.
Species richness decreased in some groups (shrubs and herbaceous forest species) but increased in others (grass species and arable weed species), with an overall decline in species richness. An analysis of the species' changes in frequency in relation to their EIVs showed that species with higher nitrogen and temperature scores were more likely to have increased." (source : auteur)Type de publication : périodique Référence biblio : Litza K., Diekmann M., 2017 - Resurveying hedgerows in Northern Germany : Plant community shifts over the past 50 years. Biological conservation, 206 : 226-235. ID PMB : 65420 DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.031/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.11.031 Permalink : http://www.cbnbrest.fr/catalogue_en_ligne/index.php?lvl=notice_display&id=65420
in Biological conservation > vol. 206 (Février 2017) . - pp. 226-235[article]Exemplaires(0)
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